Military defectors in Sudan (2021) and Egypt (2013) hijacked democracy and reestablished authoritarian rule, while those in Libya (2011) and Yemen (2014) transformed nonviolent conflicts into civil war.

March 20, 2026 - 20:48 UTC

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The finding has stark implications: while security force defection helps nonviolent movements in the short run, the medium and long term effects can be catastrophic for democracy.
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Open access here drive.google.com/file/d/1AmovDMMX2yeYk4aQ-mYYCGYHIBUr-TKj/view
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