You have to understand that traditionally, grids were managed largely through frequency control. If the frequency went down that meant more demand than supply. So you quickly burned more fossil fuels. If the frequency went up you burned less. Simple.

March 20, 2026 - 17:57 UTC

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But the frequency was fine and well managed. All that talk about inertia, FCR and FRR is foolish beside the point nonsense.

The problem was voltage fluctuations.
Whole different ball game.
For example: voltage fluctuations are much more local.

And the fix for that is clear and easy.
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The most obvious quick fix is to allow renewables to participate in voltage control. That was illegal in Spain at the time of the blackout. This alone would have prevented this incident. The grid code is updated now.
www.solarpowereurope.org/press-releases/joint-statement-entso-e-factual-report-on-the-iberian-blackout
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Does that mean it was settings on relays (at the most basic level)?

(If so - just like the London & NE USA blackouts)
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