Weirdly Tyr seems to come from Tiwaz which is cognate with deus/Zeus/theos etc. rather than the Pater bit.
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Serious question. How do we 'know' this stuff when not much is written down? Migration patterns? Other cultural markers? All of the above?
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Most of it is reconstructed linguistically. Basically all Indo-European languages have certain commonalities, and by investigating those, scholars can come up with plausible details about the culture(s) that spoke the original language they descend from.
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